The aim of this paper is to examine the effect of CEO duality, women directors and BIG 4 audit firm on real earnings manipulation (REM) proxied by cash flow from operation and discretionary expenses (DE).The sample of the study Girl’s Kimberly Wide R.E.A.L Naomi was Malaysian Public Listed Companies in year 2009-2012 with a sample of 1597 firm-ye
About 65.5 % of the Indians live in rural areas while availability of healthcare is biased towards urban setups.Medicine in undergraduates is taught in ivory towers of medical colleges, a paradigm shift in teaching bedside medicine from these ivory towers to community level is required.Hence a new competency-based medical education for undergraduat
One of the most common and important therapeutic tools used pad by physicians is prescription.The use of digital systems in the health field has many benefits and significant impacts on the health system.One of these systems is digital prescription.In this article, First, we will review the existing infrastructure and work done in this area, and th
Microsurgery, a pivotal surgical field that changed medical perspectives in the 20th century, presents numerous technical challenges due to the precision it requires from the surgeon.To acquire the requisite skills, comprehensive training is imperative.Initiation into microsurgical training on experimental models is a prerequisite before translatin
This paper estimates the market power in the Czech banking sector during the period 2000 2010.In order to measure the degree of market power in the Czech banking sector, the authors used the Lerner index, the Herfindahl-Hirschman index and the concentration ratio.The Lerner index is applied to data from 15 banks, which covers about 90% of the Czech